Easy
Mediation Analysis
Free
A researcher tests whether stress (X) affects exam performance (Y) through sleep quality (M). In a simple mediation model (PROCESS Model 4 style), which statement best describes the indirect effect?
A
The direct effect of stress (X) on exam performance (Y) after controlling for sleep quality (M)
B
The effect of stress (X) on sleep quality (M) multiplied by the effect of sleep quality (M) on exam performance (Y), controlling for stress (X)
C
The correlation between stress (X) and sleep quality (M)
D
The total effect of stress (X) on exam performance (Y) without including the mediator